John 20:1-9, The Resurrection of Jesus Christ

The Resurrection of Jesus Christ
The Empty Tomb
John 20:1-9

Introduction:
A couple of weeks ago the news was doing a lot of coverage on the Supreme Court as it looked at President Obama’s national healthcare bill, often referred to as Obamacare. In the president’s health insurance plan, there is a mandate that requires every U.S. citizen to buy health insurance. The Supreme court will make the decision on whether or not this mandate is constitutional. The SC is not determining the constitutionality of the whole bill, just this one mandate.

Now what I want to point out is the issue of severability. Severability refers to a provision in a contract which states that if parts of the contract are held to be illegal or otherwise unenforceable, the remainder of the contract should still apply. In other words, severability asks the question: “if the one part of the bill is bad, is the whole bill bad? In the case of Obamacare, the one part is the mandate requiring every citizen to buy health insurance. If this part is severable, then the rest of Obamacare will still be enforced. If this mandate is not severable, and everything else in Obamacare is tied to it, then if the Supreme Court decides this one mandate to be unconstitutional then the whole bill will fall apart. In other words, the bill would not be severable.

The resurrection of Jesus Christ is not severable from the Christian faith. If His resurrection was false then everything else about our faith would be false. Paul said in 1 Corinthians 15:17, “And if Christ has not been raised from the dead your faith is useless and you are still in your sins.” That means that God would still hold us guilty for our sins if Jesus did not come out of the grave. But when God raised Jesus from the dead God proved with power that Jesus was the Son of God, and, by doing so God proved to us that He accepted the payment Jesus made on the cross for our sins. Romans 4:25 says, “He was delivered over to death for our sins, and raised to life for our justification.” All that we believe is based on the historical fact that Jesus Christ was raised from the dead. It cannot be severed from our faith and our faith still stand.

Last week we looked into the crucifixion of our Lord Jesus Christ. I mentioned that that was the first part of one act God was doing. The resurrection was the 2nd part of that act. That one act – that includes both the death and the resurrection of Jesus Christ - is the means by which God was accomplishing the redemption of mankind from sin and death.

We do not preach a crucified Christ as in He is crucified, as in this is all He is. We preach a risen Christ, who was crucified, and who now is raised.


The Perplexity of the Empty Tomb (v1-2)
First we see The Confusion of the Empty Tomb in verses 1-2, “…read…”

Early on the 1st day of the week referred to Sunday. The Church of Jesus Christ meets on Sunday because that is the day He was raised up from the dead. As Christians our identity is in the resurrected Jesus Christ. First Peter 1:3 says, “Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! In His great mercy He has given us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.”

Now John tells us that Mary Magdalene went to Jesus’ tomb early in the morning. This would have been very early, between 3 – 6am while it was still dark. Why was she going to the tomb? Luke 24:1 says that Mary was with a group of women who were going to do the final preparations on Jesus’ body for the burial. They had spices and lotions they were bringing that morning. They had to wait until after the Sabbath because walking that far would have been against the law.

When Mary arrived at the tomb she saw the stone rolled away. The guards were gone. The seal was broken. We can see from verse 2 that she was greatly distressed and had assumed something terrible happened.

Here we have the first wrong theory of the empty tomb. Many who deny the resurrection have come up with theories as alternative explanations for the empty tomb. We see the first one here: Theft. Mary thinks that someone has stolen the body. Let’s take a moment and look at some of the theories people have offered as alternatives to the resurrection.

#1: First, some have proposed that grave-robbers stole the body. But, they would have had to get past the Roman guard and move the heavy stone over the entrance. Furthermore, if robbers took the body, why were the strips of cloth that wrapped Jesus so neatly arranged in the tomb. Robbers would have unraveled the cloth and thrown it all over the place in a hurry. Actually, robbers would have just taken the body still wrapped and not bothered with unwrapping it. This conclusion doesn’t make sense.

#2: The second theory is that the Jewish leaders stole the body. First, the Jews had Pilate put Roman guards at the tomb. As far as the Jews were concerned, they didn’t need to do anything more to keep the disciples away because they were no match for Roman guards.
Secondly, and more importantly, when the disciples did begin preaching that Jesus was resurrected, why didn’t the Jewish leaders produce the body of Jesus if they had it? That would have squelched the preaching of the Apostles real quick and shown them to be fakes. But that never happened.

#3: The third theory is that the disciples actually did steal Jesus body in order to promote the idea of His resurrection. This is the rumor the Jewish leaders actually started in Matthew 28:11-15. Multiple problems come up here.
First, these disciples were scattered and scared. There was no way they could overpower Roman guards at the tomb.
Second, notice how Peter and John sprint to the tomb to check out Mary’s story. If they knew the tomb was empty because they stole the body then there wouldn’t be the hustle to see an empty tomb.
Third, the disciples didn’t believe Jesus was going to be raised from the dead. They didn’t believe it was true when the women said they saw Jesus alive. This brings up the greatest psychological obstacle for people who believe this theory: Who is going to die for a something they know is a lie? People do not willingly give up their lives for something they know is not true. The disciples knew one thing: Jesus was dead. Is this their champion? Is this their king? Is this their Messiah? Beaten, bloodied, tortured, dead? What good dead was He? How is the kingdom coming if He is dead? What possible inspiration is He dead? What could possibly explain the sudden change in the disciples from cowardice to radical courage other than truly having seen Jesus alive? What could make them run like mice when Jesus was arrested to saying to the very same men who condemned Jesus in Acts 4:19-20, “Judge for yourselves whether it is right for us to obey men rather than God. For we cannot help speaking about what we have heard and seen.” They were not about to go around and risk their own necks by saying He was alive if they had His rotting body hidden somewhere secret. His dead body meant defeat to them, disillusionment, and confusion. The disciples could not sincerely preach that Jesus was alive and willingly give their lives in such horrible deaths if they had His body somewhere secret and knew He was still dead.

If Jesus were still dead would you be sitting here this morning? I would walk out of here and never come back.

#4: Another theory is the Swoon theory. People say that Jesus only “swooned” on the cross and didn’t actually die. Instead, he was unconscious, and later, while in the grave He was revived.

Problems: First, Roman soldiers were paid, professional killers. They crucified more than 30,000 people. They knew what they were doing, they knew how to kill, and they knew when someone was dead.
Second, these same skilled soldiers shoved a spear into his chest. I’m not a doctor but I think medically that leads to a very short life.
Third, it was common for someone to die during a flogging. If someone survived that, do you think they would survive being crucified and then speared in the chest?
Fourth, His disciples prepared His body for burial. It was the custom of the Jews to anoint the bodies of the dead with spices and aloes. With the time it took to take Jesus down from the cross, bring His body to the grave, anoint Him, wrap Him and place Him in the grave, not to mention the time taken to grieve – there is no way He could have been alive and they didn’t know it. You can’t hold your breath that long! The fact is He was dead. He did not faint.

#5: Another theory is that the disciples only hallucinated. Paul says in 1 Cor. 15 that Jesus appeared to more than 500 believers after He was raised up. That’s 10 times the size of our church. Jewish law requires only testimony from 2or 3 witnesses to establish the truth of a matter. The Apostles could point to the more than 500 brothers who were of sound mind and who saw Jesus alive after being crucified. It is impossible for more than 500 disciples to suddenly hallucinate the same thing all at the same time.

#6: Another theory is that Jesus resurrection was only a spiritual resurrection, not a physical one. But, the Scriptures are clear: it was physical. Later in John 20 Jesus had Thomas look at His hands and then actually put his hands into His side where the soldier speared Him. Luke 24 says Jesus sat down and ate fish and bread with the disciples. Jesus was raised physically.

There are more theories but none of them satisfy the evidence. None other than the resurrection satisfactorily explain the empty tomb, the courageous witness of the disciples who saw Jesus resurrected, the inability of anyone to produce the dead body of Jesus, the prophecies of Scripture and Jesus Himself that He must be raised up. The resurrection is the best conclusion from the evidence.

Dr. Simon Greenleaf (a very famous Harvard University professor of Law) proclaimed: "According to the laws of legal evidence used in courts of law, there is more evidence for the historical fact of the resurrection of Jesus Christ than for just about any other event in history."

So Mary is confused about the empty tomb, and she runs to tell Peter and John. I hope you are not confused about the empty tomb. I hope you don’t miss what it means. It means that God was satisfied with the death payment Jesus made for sins – for your sins. And now you can look to the empty tomb and see that God has raised up this Jesus because Jesus has paid your debt in full.

The Perceiving of the Empty Tomb (Verses 3-7)
Verses 3-7 I want us to notice several things.

First, notice the eyewitness testimony. There is a progression here in the passage. John says they “saw” 3 different times, and he uses a different Greek word each time. In verse 5 the verb means that John just “glanced in”. In verse 6 the word describes Peter “looking carefully and observing” into the tomb. Then in verse 8 when John says that he “saw and believed” he uses a Greek word that means, “to perceive with intelligent comprehension”.

What John saw at first he only glanced at, but, after Peter looked more carefully John then looked intently with intelligence and put the pieces together. In other words, He didn’t just see the grave clothes lying there and an empty tomb, he didn’t just see the physical things, his eyes were opened spiritually and he saw the truth that Jesus was not there because He was alive!

Listen, you and I cannot examine the empty tomb today. But, we can examine the eyewitness testimony. Have you done that? There is no better place to be than in John’s writings for that. John’s writings really emphasize eyewitness testimony.

In chapter 19:35 he said, “The man who saw it (John) has given testimony, and his testimony is true. He knows that he tells the truth, and he testifies so that you also may believe.” John also writes in 1 John 1:1, “That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked at and our hands have touched – this we proclaim concerning the Word of Life.” In Revelation 1:1, 2, which John wrote, it says, “The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants what must soon take place. He made it known by sending an angel to his servant John, who testifies to everything he saw – that is the word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ.”

The historical facts of Jesus Christ are based on solid eyewitness testimony. I was in a restaurant the other week and talking with the waitress about spiritual things. She was into mysticism and had a pantheistic worldview (God is everything and everything is God). I talked to her about the God of the Bible and she said, “Where is the proof?” Dear woman the proof is in the empty tomb! The proof is in the eyewitness testimony of men like John. The proof is in the fulfilled prophecy! The burden is not on Christians to come up with proof or evidence. The burden is on the skeptic to honestly deal with the overwhelming evidence.

The historical facts of Jesus Christ’s resurrection are based on solid eyewitness testimony and many who have set out to disprove it have become convinced and become believers themselves. Lee Strobel was Yale educated, award winning legal journalist for the Chicago Tribune for years. He was also an atheist until 1981. After 2 years of investigating the claims of Jesus Christ and the evidence for the resurrection in an effort to disprove it, Strobel was convinced and became a believer himself. He went on to write many books, such as “The Case for Christ” and “The Case for Faith” and so on.

Seeing is not believing. If we’ve learned anything through John’s gospel, many who saw Christ rejected Him. But, those who did see and did believe have given solid testimony. They did this as John said in chapter 19 “so that you can believe too.” In other words, you didn’t have to be there to believe it. Those who were there can tell you all about it. That’s what John does in this Gospel.


Second, notice what Peter and John noticed – the grave clothes. The grave clothes were lying there. They weren’t thrown everywhere as if Jesus ripped them off Himself. They were laying there undisturbed because Jesus just “passed through” them.

Let’s make a closing application. When Jesus was raised up He not only left the grave, but, He left the grave clothes behind. When Lazarus had been dead for four days, Jesus called Lazarus out of the grave as well, and Jesus said to everyone around in John 11:44, “Take off the grave clothes and let him go.”

When a man is raised to new life in Jesus Christ he is commanded to “clothe himself with the Lord Jesus Christ” like in Romans 13:14. Galatians 3:27 says, “For all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ.” In Colossians 3:12 we are commanded to clothe ourselves with Christ-like virtues.

By faith in Jesus we have been clothed with Jesus Christ. He is the true covering for our sins and He is our true covering of righteousness. The clothing of death and the acts of our old dead life are done away with now and have been left behind because He has been raised to life and we have put our trust in Him. We no longer continue in the former things that are part of our former dead life without Christ.

Are you wearing the grave clothes today? Are you covered with death and the things that lead to death? Do you live in a tomb? Will your tomb be empty? Has the One who was raised from the dead raised you to life? Do you want to know the power of Christ’s resurrection? Do you want to be raised to life? Then you must turn to Jesus Christ who was raised to life and believe in Him and He will give it to you.


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